Kinetic processes and stable isotopes in cave dripwaters as indicators of winter severity          下载免费PDF全文

Vasile Ersek  Bogdan P. Onac  Aurel Perșoiu 《水文研究》2018,32(18):2856-2862

We examine how the stable isotope composition of meteoric water is transmitted through soil and epikarst to dripwaters in a cave in western Romania. δ²H and δ¹⁸O in precipitation at this site are influenced by temperature and moisture sources (Atlantic and Mediterranean), with lower δ¹⁸O in winter and higher in summer. The stable isotope composition of cave dripwaters mimics this seasonal pattern of low and high δ¹⁸O, but the onset and end of freezing conditions in the winter season are marked by sharp transitions in the isotopic signature of cave dripwaters of approximately 1 ‰. We interpret these shifts as the result of kinetic isotopic fractionation during the transition phase from water to ice at the onset of freezing conditions and the input of meltwater to the cave at the beginning of the spring season. This process is captured in dripwaters and therefore speleothems from Ur?ilor Cave, which grew under such dripping points, may have the potential to record past changes in the severity of winters. Similar isotopic changes in dripwaters driven by freeze–thaw processes can affect other caves in areas with winter snow cover, and cave monitoring during such changes is essential in linking the isotopic variability in dripwaters and speleothems to surface climate.  相似文献   

Coconut‐Shell‐Derived Carbon/Carbon Nanotube Composite for Fluoride Adsorption from Aqueous Solution     

Ramya Araga  Suresh Kali  Chandra S. Sharma 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(5)

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Homogeneous Catalytic Ozonation of Lipids Involving Fe2+ and Mn2+: An Experimental and Modeling Study     

Rúbia Martins Bernardes Ramos  Ana Paula Biz  Deolinda Alvarez Tavares  Mnica Beatriz Kolicheski  Tirzh Lins Porto Dantas 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2020,48(7-8)

Given the issue of lipids in effluent treatment systems and their negative impact on the environment, this study aimed to examine lipid degradation by homogenous catalytic ozonation with the aid of iron and manganese ions. This technology presents the possibility of completely mineralizing pollutants using hydroxyl radicals. Milk is chosen as the lipid source because of the high concentration of triglycerides in its matrix, this kind of lipid being the one found most frequently in food and, consequently, in effluent treatment systems. The milk pH value is controlled, and acidic, neutral, and basic conditions are evaluated. The rates of pseudo‐first‐order reactions and the effective value are estimated. It is shown that under acidic conditions low catalyst dosages are enough to cause the complete degradation of lipids. Under neutral conditions, a similar behavior is observed. Under basic conditions, higher catalyst dosages give higher reaction rates. The order of effectiveness of the catalysts under acidic and basic conditions is Fe²⁺ > Mn²⁺, with Mn²⁺ > Fe²⁺ under neutral conditions. Homogeneous catalytic ozonation is therefore efficient at lipid degradation. This technique is viable economically, since the lipid removal occurred at low ozone levels. In addition, the ions used as catalysts are naturally abundant.  相似文献   

Nutrient Recovery From the Liquid Fraction of Digestate by Clinoptilolite     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(6)

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Synthesis,Characterization, and Application of Functionalized Silica–Carbon Hybrid Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Acidic Cu(II)‐Contaminated Water     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(2)

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不同水生植物对富营养化水体无机氮吸收动力学特征   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

张贵龙  赵建宁  刘红梅  秦伟  吴钰明  杨殿林 《湖泊科学》2013,25(2):221-226

采用浓度梯度法,研究了鸢尾(Iris louisiana)、狐尾藻(Myriophyllum verticillatum)、茭白(Zizania latifolia)和水芹(Oenanthe clecumbens)对硝态氮(NO₃^--N)和铵态氮(NH₄⁺-N)吸收动力学特征.结果表明:4种水生植物对水体NO₃^--N和NH₄⁺-N吸收可用Michaelis-Menten酶动力学方程描述,随溶液NO₃^--N和NH₄⁺-N浓度增加,植物吸收NO₃^--N和NH₄⁺-N速率增加,当溶液NO₃^--N和NH₄⁺-N浓度接近于2.0 mmol/L时,吸收速率增加趋缓;4种水生植物对NO₃^--N和NH₄⁺-N的V_max值大小为水芹 >茭白 >鸢尾 >狐尾藻,对NO₃^--N的K_m值大小为水芹 >鸢尾=茭白=狐尾藻,对NH₄⁺-N的K_m值大小为水芹 >狐尾藻 >茭白=鸢尾.根据吸收动力学参数(V_max,K_m)判断水芹适宜于净化NO₃^--N和NH₄⁺-N浓度较高的水体,茭白、鸢尾和狐尾藻适合净化NO₃^--N和NH₄⁺-N浓度较低水体;4种水生植物对NO₃^--N、NH₄⁺-N表现出不同的吸收偏好性,鸢尾吸收NO₃^--N的潜力大于吸收NH₄⁺-N的,但对NH₄⁺-N的亲和力大于NO₃^--N,表明能在NO₃^--N浓度较高环境中优先吸收NH₄⁺-N.狐尾藻和水芹对NO₃^--N和NH₄⁺-N能均衡吸收.茭白对NH₄⁺-N具有较高的吸收潜力与亲和力.  相似文献   

电极材料对电化学改性无烟煤前后甲烷吸附解吸特性影响的实验研究          下载免费PDF全文

张晓雨  康天合  侯鸣晓  康健婷  郭俊庆  李立功  张润旭  胡耀青 《地球物理学报》2020,63(6):2466-2477

针对电化学作用能够显著增强煤中甲烷解吸渗流特性,但对其电极材料的选择缺乏依据的问题,采用实验的方法研究了铝、铁、铜和石墨四种电极材料对电化学改性无烟煤甲烷吸附解吸特性的影响．结果表明：（1）未改性自然煤样的甲烷饱和吸附量a为39.92mL·g~(-1),由铝、铁、铜和石墨四种电极材料进行电化学改性后阳极区域煤样的甲烷饱和吸附量a分别降低了5.22%、8.48%、9.24%和11.33%,阴极区域煤样的甲烷饱和吸附量a分别降低了9.53%、4.97%、6.25%和4.97%;(2）未改性自然煤样在300min的甲烷解吸率为83.17%,经铝、铁、铜和石墨四种电极材料改性后阳极区域煤样的甲烷解吸率分别提高了9.50%、7.10%、8.36%和15.75%,阴极区域煤样的甲烷解吸率分别提高了1.76%、1.12%、6.10%和16.23%;(3）采用石墨作为电极的电化学对无烟煤甲烷解吸的影响效果最为明显,原因在于石墨阳极处电解反应生成较多的H~+离子,一方面对煤表面进行酸化,抑制了煤甲烷的吸附,另一方面更多地溶蚀煤中的碳酸盐和硫酸盐矿物,增加了煤中的孔隙,使得甲烷最终解吸率有所升高．本文的研究结果可为电化学强化煤甲烷解吸电极材料的优选提供基础依据．  相似文献   

Removal of Various Phenoxyalkanoic Acid Herbicides from Water by Organo‐clays     

G. Atay  K. Yurdako 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(6):300-304

Dodecylammonium bentonite (DB) and dodecylammonium sepiolite (DS) were used as sorbents for phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides 2,4‐D ((2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid), 2,4‐DP ((RS)‐2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid), 2,4‐DB (4‐(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid), 2,4,5‐T ((2,4,5‐trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid), and MCPA ((4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxy)acetic acid). Langmuir, Freundlich, and the linear Henry’s Law isotherm adsorption parameters were calculated from the adsorption isotherms. Langmuir equation showed poor fit for both adsorbents. According to the evaluation using the Freundlich equation, the DS sample showed much higher and stronger sorption capacity than DB. Similar behaviour was also observed in the case of the linear Henry’s Law isotherm. The adsorption of the herbicides on both DB and DS decreased in the order of 2,4‐DB > 2,4,5‐T > 2,4‐DP > 2,4‐D > MCPA.  相似文献   

Characterization of AOX by Fractionation Analysis and Size‐exclusion Chromatography     

Th. J. Gremm  F. H. Frimmel 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(4):202-211

A characterization method for AOX in surface water samples was developed and tested. The method involves fractionation using a hydrophobic C18 resin and a weak anionic exchange resin and allows the fractionation of the AOX pool of surface water samples into four fractions: (1) hydrophilic acidic, (2) hydrophilic non‐acidic, (3) hydrophobic acidic, and (4) hydrophobic non‐acidic. The adsorption analysis was verified with AOX‐relevant model compounds and was applied to characterize the AOX pool of a stream sample from the Moskva river (Russia). In addition to the fractionation analysis, size‐exclusion chromatography was used to characterize the AOX pool of the sample studied. Hydrophilic acids made up the major fraction of the AOX pool (55 %). Among this fraction chlorinated high‐molecular acids (humic substances) made up the main fraction (35 %).  相似文献   

邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)在罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus × O.aureus)体内代谢动力学和残留研究          下载免费PDF全文

李明揆  葛建  林芳  韩宝瑜 《海洋与湖沼》2011,42(1):137-141

采用反相高效液相色谱.紫外检测法,测定了罗非鱼血浆、皮肤、肌肉、心肌和大脑中邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)含量,并研究了DEP在罗非鱼体内代谢动力学和残留特征.将DEP以20mg/kg灌服罗非鱼后,取样测定不同时间点血浆和组织中的DEP浓度,并利用3p97药物动力学软件并结合Excel 2003软件对实验数据进行处理和分析...  相似文献